IPA for British English
IPA
International Phonetic
Alphabet
IPA stands both
for International Phonetic Alphabet and International Phonetic Association.
International Phonetic Alphabet was devised by International Phonetic
Association in the late 19th century for the representation of
speech sound in written form. It has several symbols for different languages of
the world. Almost all the languages of the world can be transcribed in a
written form with the help of IPA.
Phonetic Symbols of British English
British
English has the following 44 symbols.
Seven Short Vowels
• ɪ as in – bit, sit, kit
• ɛ as in – bet, set, let
• æ as in – bat, cat, rat
• ʌ as in – but, cut, shut
• ɒ as in – hot, pot, shot
• ə as in -another, alone, mother
• ʊ as in – put, good, should
Five Long Vowels
• iː as in - bee, tea, see
• ɔː as in – caught, ball, all
• uː as in – too, blue, fruit
• ɜː as in - herd, birth, bird
• ɑː as in –
car, calm, palm
Eight Diphthongs
• eɪ as in -bay, date, plate
• aɪ as in -buy, right, kite
• əʊ as in -go, boat, gold
• aʊ as in -now, cow, how
• ʊə as
in – poor, pure, tour
• ɔɪ as in – boy, toy, joy
• ɪə as in – dear, here, steer
• eə as in - there, fair, chair
Consonants (24)
• p as in -pet, paint, power
• b as in -bet, baboon, border
• t as in -top, total, tank
• d as in -dog, donkey, doll.
• k as in -key, cat, kit
• g as in -go, gun, good
• f as in – fish, fond, father
• v as in – van, value, video
• θ as in -thin, thought, thorough
• ð as in -this, that, mother
• s as in -sit, silence, sentence
• z as in -zip, is, was
• ʃ as in - she, ship, posh
• ʒ as in - vision, fusion, Pleasure
• h as in - hat, hot, hit
• m as in - man, moth, mole
• n as in - not, net, run
• ŋ as in - sing, ring, bang,
• l as in - look, lock, bull
• r as in - run, rat, right
• j as in - yes, yak, yeti
• w as in - we, water, wall
• tʃ as in - chit, chat, chant
• dʒ as in - judge, bridge, budget
How to write phonetic transcription of a word.
First of
all, you need to memorize the IPA symbols of all the vowels, diphthongs and
consonants given above. It will help you in writing the phonetic transcription
of a word. Phonetic transcription is always written in slash brackets as given
below:-
Sound: /saʊnd/
Wheel: /wi:l/
Yesterday: /ˈjɛstərdeɪ/
Tomorrow: /təˈmɑroʊ/
Examination:
/ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/
Remember
that primary stress mark and secondary stress marks are also indicated in the
phonetic transcription e.g. you can see primary stress mark in the word
‘yesterday’. You can see it before ‘j’ and you can secondary stress mark in the
word ‘examination’. You can see it before ‘z’. Please note that the word
‘examination’ has both primary and secondary stresses.
Phonetic Transcription of all the example words given above.
bit: /bɪt/
sit: /sɪt/
kit: /kɪt/
bet: /bɛt/
set: /sɛt/
let: /lɛt/
bat: /bæt/
cat: /kæt/
rat: /ræt/
but: /bʌt/
cut: /kʌt/
shut: /ʃʌt/
hot: /hɒt/
pot: /pɒt/
shot: /ʃɒt/
another: /əˈnʌðər/
alone: /əˈləʊn/
mother: /ˈmʌðər/
put: /pʊt/
good: /ɡʊd/
should: /ʃʊd/
bee: /biː/
tea: /tiː/
see: /siː/
caught: /kɔːt/
ball: /bɔːl/
all: /ɔːl/
too: /tuː/
blue: /bluː/
fruit:
/fruːt/
herd: /hɜːd/
birth: /bɜːθ/
bird: /bɜːd/
car: /kɑːr/
calm: /kɑːm/
palm: /pɑːm/
bay: /beɪ/
date: /deɪt/
plate: /pleɪt/
buy: /baɪ/
right: /raɪt/
kite: /kaɪt/
go: /ɡəʊ/
boat: /bəʊt/
gold: /ɡəʊld/
now: /naʊ/
cow: /kaʊ/
how: /haʊ/
poor: /pɔːr/
pure: /pjʊər/
tour: /tʊər/
boy: /bɔɪ/
toy: /tɔɪ/
joy: /dʒɔɪ/
dear: /dɪər/
here: /hɪər/
steer: /stɪər/
there: /ðeər/
fair: /feər/
chair: /tʃeər/
pet: /pɛt/
paint: /peɪnt/
power: /paʊər/
baboon: /bæˈbuːn/
border: /ˈbɔːdər/
top: /tɒp/
total: /ˈtəʊtl/
tank: /tæŋk/
dog: /dɒɡ/
donkey: /dɑŋki/
doll: /dɑl/
key: /ki/
cat: /kæt/
kit: /kɪt/
go: /ɡoʊ/
gun: /ɡʌn/
good: /ɡʊd/
fish: /fɪʃ/
fond: /fɑnd/
father: /ˈfɑðər/
van: /væn/
value: /ˈvælju/
video: /ˈvɪdioʊ/
thin: /θɪn/
thought: /θɔt/
thorough: /ˈθɜroʊ/
this: /ðɪs/
that: /ðæt/
mother: /ˈmʌðər/
sit: /sɪt/
silence: /ˈsaɪləns/
sentence: /ˈsɛntəns/
zip: /zɪp/
is: /ɪz/
was: /wʌz/
she: /ʃi/
ship: /ʃɪp/
posh: /pɑʃ/
vision: /ˈvɪʒən/
fusion: /ˈfjuʒən/
pleasure: /ˈplɛʒər/
hat: /hæt/
hot: /hɑt/
hit: /hɪt/
man: /mæn/
moth: /mɔθ/
mole: /mol/
not: /nɑt/
net: /nɛt/
run: /rʌn/
sing: /sɪŋ/
ring: /rɪŋ/
bang: /bæŋ/
look: /lʊk/
lock: /lɑk/
bull: /bʊl/
rat: /ræt/
right: /raɪt/
yes: /jɛs/
yak: /jæk/
yeti: /ˈjɛti/
we: /wi:/
water: /ˈwɔ:tər/
wall: /wɔ:l/
chit: /tʃɪt/
chat: /tʃæt/
chant: /tʃænt/
judge: /dʒʌdʒ/
bridge: /brɪdʒ/
budget: /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
Exercise
Transcribe the following words phonetically using IPA.
cap, farm, hair, gate, then, master, age, shame, bank, lung, British, kite, deaf, need, queer, wet, waste, west, talk, boon, God, firm, show, town, new, beauty, office, honest, subject, record, now.
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